012 Bina Part 1

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد المصطفى أما بعد:

بارك الله لي ولشيخنا ولكم 

البِنَاء ( The construction ) : is the necessity for the end of the word to received a diacritical marks or no marks a.k.a السكون 

So there 4 parts of البناء and they are : سُكُوْنٌ , كَسْرٌ , فَتْحٌ , ضَمٌّ

الاسم is divided into 2:

1. مُعَرَّبٌ . The majority of the اسم belongs to this category. It is a word with the ability to change it's end diacritical marks due to some agent which enter upon him. This change could be a:-

Literal changes like ( ٍزَيْد and ٍعَمْرُو )

زَيْدٌ مسلم

Zaid is a muslim

إنَّ زَيْداً مسلم

Verily Zaid is a muslim

الكتاب لزَيْدٍ

The book is for Zaid

Implied changes like ( مُوْسَى and الفَتَى )

الفَتَى مسلم

The youth is a muslim

إنِّ الفَتَى مسلم

In deed the youth is a muslim

الكتاب لِلْفَىَ

The book is for the youth

To be continue إن شاء الله

009 Kalaam part 7

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله وآله وصحبه أجمعين. أما بعد

بارك الله لي ولشيخنا ولكم

 And مُضَارِع is know when:-

1. The joining of لَمْ  in front of it. لَمْ  is use for negation and it means "did not". Thus when it enter a present tense verb, it changes the verb to past tense verb. for example

يَقُوْمُ = he stands 

لَمْ يَقُمْ = he did not stand

2. It must be preceded with these letters ي , ت , ن , أ  . To remember this we can use this mnemonic :-
نَأَيْتُ 

3. The first letter is ضَمَّة when the ماض is 4 letter verb for example ( the red color word is ماض )

دَحْرَجَ يُدَحْرجُ = to roll

أَكْرَمَ يُكْرِمُ = to honour

فَرَّخَ يُفَرِّجُ = to rejoice

قَاتَلَ يُقَاتِلُ = combat/battle


4. The first letter is فَتْحَة when the ماض is other then 4 letters verb for example ( the red color word is ماض  ):

3 letters ماض
نَصَرَ يَنْصُرُ = to help

5 letters ماض
اِنْطَلَقَ تَنْطَلِقُ = to depart

6 letters ماض

اِسْتَخْرَجَ يَسْتَخْرِجُ =  to discover

005 Kalaam part 3

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام علي نبينا محمد وعلى آله ووصحبه أخمعين. أما بعد

In the name of Allah the most gracious the most merciful. Prayer and Salam to for our Prophet Muhammad and his family and all of his companions.

بارك الله لي ولشيجنا أبي سليمان ولكم في دروس اللغة العربية

May Allah bless me and our teacher Abu Sulaiman and all of you in the lessons of Arabic

From the previous lessson ( 004 Kalaam part 2 ) we have learn that اسم is known when:-

1. it is in the compound of  مُضَافٌ - مُضَافٌ إليه

2. the end of the word received كَسْرَة ( kasrah )

3.  the end of the word has تَنْوِيْن ( tanween )

And now we are going to resume:-

4. the word is prefix with ال

The ال makes a word definite. Thus a word can't only have ال or تنوين because a word can only be definite or indefinite and can't be both at the same time. So when a ال enter a word it loses it  تنوين for example:

بَيْتٌ = a house

اَلْبَيْتُ = the house

Pay attention to the end of the word بَيتٌ has تنوين and البيتُ has only single ضُمَّة

5. the word is prefix with the حُرُوْفُ الْخَفْضِ ( the letters of al-khofdu ) 

There are some letters in Arabic which acts as an agent, which makes a word to be in the state of الخفض when the word is prefix with it. These are the Arabic preposition. The complete list of these letters will be discussed إن شاء الله. For now the example is the letter ل  . It can act as a preposition. One of the meaning of it is "for":

هذا زَيْدٌ

This is "Zaidun" ( Zaid is not in the state of الخَفْضُ )

الكتاب لزَيْدٍ

The book is for "Zaidin" ( Zaid is in the state of الخَفْضُ because the letter ل  is attached to it. The sign of it being الخفض is the end of it has كسرة . Because of the ability of the ل  to be prefixed to the word of  زيد, this shows that the word زيد is an اسم )

 To be continue إن شاء الله

004 Kalaam part 2

The كَلِمَة ( the word ) : Is a singular statement

It could be a :  ٌاِسْم ( noun ), فِعْلٌ ( verb) and some letters of Arabic which has meanings ( prepositions )

الاِسْمُ ( The noun) is know when:
1. it is in the compound of  مُضَافٌ - مُضَافٌ إليه
For example : ِبَيْتُ الله 
The basic of understanding of مُضَافٌ - مُضَافٌ إليه is that
مُضَافٌ = Is the things possess
مُضَافٌ إليه  = Who is the possessor

In the example of  بَيْتُ الله
بيتُ is the مُضَافٌ the meaning of it in English is house
الله is the مُضَافٌ إليه
So the direct translation of the compound is House of Allah. Most of the time this translation works. The main point to note is when you see the compound of مُضَافٌ - مُضَافٌ إليه be known that both of them are اسم

2. the end of the word received كَسْرَة ( kasrah ).   This state is called الخَفْضُ ( al-khofdu )
For example:
هو في فِعْلِ الأول
We can rest assure that this فِعْلِ is an اسم because it has كسرة at the end of it

من فَعَلَ هذا؟
Just by looking at فَعَلَ we can't tell that this is an اسم or not. Because the end of it is فتحة

3.  the end of the word has تَنْوِيْن ( tanween )
Tanween is the sign of indefinite noun in Arabic for example

بَيْتٌ = a house
قَلَمٌ = a pen

But it is also use for proper nouns like peoples names, mostly Arabic origin
مُحَمَّدٌ = Muhammad
زَيْدٌ = Zaid


To be continue إن شاء الله