005 Kalaam part 3

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام علي نبينا محمد وعلى آله ووصحبه أخمعين. أما بعد

In the name of Allah the most gracious the most merciful. Prayer and Salam to for our Prophet Muhammad and his family and all of his companions.

بارك الله لي ولشيجنا أبي سليمان ولكم في دروس اللغة العربية

May Allah bless me and our teacher Abu Sulaiman and all of you in the lessons of Arabic

From the previous lessson ( 004 Kalaam part 2 ) we have learn that اسم is known when:-

1. it is in the compound of  مُضَافٌ - مُضَافٌ إليه

2. the end of the word received كَسْرَة ( kasrah )

3.  the end of the word has تَنْوِيْن ( tanween )

And now we are going to resume:-

4. the word is prefix with ال

The ال makes a word definite. Thus a word can't only have ال or تنوين because a word can only be definite or indefinite and can't be both at the same time. So when a ال enter a word it loses it  تنوين for example:

بَيْتٌ = a house

اَلْبَيْتُ = the house

Pay attention to the end of the word بَيتٌ has تنوين and البيتُ has only single ضُمَّة

5. the word is prefix with the حُرُوْفُ الْخَفْضِ ( the letters of al-khofdu ) 

There are some letters in Arabic which acts as an agent, which makes a word to be in the state of الخفض when the word is prefix with it. These are the Arabic preposition. The complete list of these letters will be discussed إن شاء الله. For now the example is the letter ل  . It can act as a preposition. One of the meaning of it is "for":

هذا زَيْدٌ

This is "Zaidun" ( Zaid is not in the state of الخَفْضُ )

الكتاب لزَيْدٍ

The book is for "Zaidin" ( Zaid is in the state of الخَفْضُ because the letter ل  is attached to it. The sign of it being الخفض is the end of it has كسرة . Because of the ability of the ل  to be prefixed to the word of  زيد, this shows that the word زيد is an اسم )

 To be continue إن شاء الله