012 Bina Part 1

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد المصطفى أما بعد:

بارك الله لي ولشيخنا ولكم 

البِنَاء ( The construction ) : is the necessity for the end of the word to received a diacritical marks or no marks a.k.a السكون 

So there 4 parts of البناء and they are : سُكُوْنٌ , كَسْرٌ , فَتْحٌ , ضَمٌّ

الاسم is divided into 2:

1. مُعَرَّبٌ . The majority of the اسم belongs to this category. It is a word with the ability to change it's end diacritical marks due to some agent which enter upon him. This change could be a:-

Literal changes like ( ٍزَيْد and ٍعَمْرُو )

زَيْدٌ مسلم

Zaid is a muslim

إنَّ زَيْداً مسلم

Verily Zaid is a muslim

الكتاب لزَيْدٍ

The book is for Zaid

Implied changes like ( مُوْسَى and الفَتَى )

الفَتَى مسلم

The youth is a muslim

إنِّ الفَتَى مسلم

In deed the youth is a muslim

الكتاب لِلْفَىَ

The book is for the youth

To be continue إن شاء الله

011 I'rab

بسم الله الرحمن الرحين. الحمد لله والصلاة السلام على رسول الله أما بعد:

بارك الله لي و لشيخنا أبي سليمان ولكم في هذا الدرس

Chapter of ُالإِعْرَاب ( The declension ) and ُالبِنَاء ( The construction )

الإعراب is the change of diacritical marks at the end of the word which is due to multiple type of agents which could be acted upon the word. The change could be a literal or implied 

And it is divided into four moods or states: 

1. رَفْعٌ = to have ضُمَّة at the end of word or in the place of  ضُمَّة for example:

زَيْدٌ و مُوْسَى مِنْ مِالزينا . Zaid and Moosa are from Malaysia. Both زيد and موسى are رفع but we can only see the ضمة at  the end of زيد. Because we can clearly see the ضمة at the end of زيد then this is a literal رفع. On the other hand, by the rules we know that موسى is رفع but we can't see the ضمة. Then this is a implied رفع

2. نَصْبٌ = to have فَتْحَة at the end of word or in the place of فتحة for example:

إنِّ زَيْداً وموسى من مالزينا. Verily Zaid and Moosa are from Malaysia. إنِّ is an agent of نصب so what ever comes after it will be نصب. Again, we only see the فتحة at زيد ( literal نصب ) and not at موسى ( implied  نصب )

3. خَفْضٌ = to have كَسْرَة at the end of the word of in the place of كسرة for example

هذا لزَيْدٍ وذلك لمُوْسَى . This is for Zaid and that is for Moosa. The letter ل is an agent of خفض so what ever comes after it will be خفض Again, we only see the كَسْرَة at زيد ( literal خفض ) and not at موسى ( implied  خفض )

4. جَزْمٌ = to have سُكُوْن at the end of the word. for example

يَضْرِبُ = he hit

لَمْ يَضْرِبْ = he did not hit . لم act as an agent of جزم

All اسم can be in the state of خفض , نصب , رفع but not جزم

All فعل can be in the state of جزم , نصب, رفع but not خفض

To be continue إن شاء الله

010 Kalaam part 8

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله وآله وصحبه أجمعين أما بعد

بارك الله لي ولشيخنا أبو سليمان ولكم. زادنا الله علما 

May Allah bless me and my teacher Abu Sulaiman and all of you. May Allah increase our knowledge

And أَمْر ( The command verb ) is known:-

1. with it sign upon the command or request

One of the common sign for أمر is the end of the verb is a الساكنة. Take note that أمر is use when we are talking or commanding or requesting to a 2nd person . For example:-

قُمْ ( stand up/ please stand up ) from the verb يَقُوْمُ ( he stands)
اِضْرِبْ ( hit/ hit it ) from the verb يَضْرِبُ ( he hits )
اِجْلِسْ ( seat/ have a seat) from the verb يَجْلِسُ ( he sits )


2. and the end of it is يَاء المُخَاطَبَة . This letter ي and the end of الأمر is to signify that the command are meant for a feminine person

ْقال زيد إلى ابنه: قُم
Zaid said to his son: Stand up

قال زيد إلى بنته: قُوْمِيْ
Zaid said to his daughter: Stand up

قالت فاطمة إلى زيد: اِضْرِبْ الحَيَّةَ
Fatimah said to Zaid: Hit the snake

قالت فاطمة إلى عائشة: اِضْرِبِيْ الحيَّة
Fatimah said to Aishah: Hit the snake

Take note that even though الأمر for feminine ends with ي, but the ي  is still a الساكنة . Thus the point number 1 above still apply here.


3. And there is also جَامِد form of الأمر for example

هَاتِ = give me
هَاتِ رَقْمَكَ
Give me your number

َتَعَال = come here
تَعَالَ يا بُنَيَّ 
come here oh my beloved son

Take note that this form is an exception form point number 1. The end of the verb is not الساكنة 

الحَرْفُ : What is not suitable with the sign of الاسم and the sign of الفعل  like ْلَمْ , فِي and هَلْ  . In other words, if a word  is not an اسم nor  a فعل, it will be from the group of حرف

009 Kalaam part 7

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله وآله وصحبه أجمعين. أما بعد

بارك الله لي ولشيخنا ولكم

 And مُضَارِع is know when:-

1. The joining of لَمْ  in front of it. لَمْ  is use for negation and it means "did not". Thus when it enter a present tense verb, it changes the verb to past tense verb. for example

يَقُوْمُ = he stands 

لَمْ يَقُمْ = he did not stand

2. It must be preceded with these letters ي , ت , ن , أ  . To remember this we can use this mnemonic :-
نَأَيْتُ 

3. The first letter is ضَمَّة when the ماض is 4 letter verb for example ( the red color word is ماض )

دَحْرَجَ يُدَحْرجُ = to roll

أَكْرَمَ يُكْرِمُ = to honour

فَرَّخَ يُفَرِّجُ = to rejoice

قَاتَلَ يُقَاتِلُ = combat/battle


4. The first letter is فَتْحَة when the ماض is other then 4 letters verb for example ( the red color word is ماض  ):

3 letters ماض
نَصَرَ يَنْصُرُ = to help

5 letters ماض
اِنْطَلَقَ تَنْطَلِقُ = to depart

6 letters ماض

اِسْتَخْرَجَ يَسْتَخْرِجُ =  to discover